
Endo-met Kelp
November 6, 2015
Endo-met Lithium
November 14, 2015Endo-met B-12
$16.00 $15.50
VITAMIN B12 AND FOLATE SUPPLEMENT | Suggested Use: One tablet daily, or as directed by a physician. Chew or dissolve in mount before swallowing or swallow whole. How Supplied: Bottles of 60 tablets. |
Each tablet contains: |
Amount Per Serving |
% Daily Value |
---|---|---|
Folate [(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, glucosamine salt] Quatrefolic® | 400 mcg | 100% |
Vitamin B-12 (as cyanocobalamin) | 1000 mcg | 16,667% |
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cobalt is an alkaline-forming and somewhat toxic element. It is widely distributed in foods. It is required for the formation of vitamin B12, also called cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin.
Use in industry. Cobalt is used a lot in industry in the manufacture of hardened steel and other hard metal alloys.
FOOD SOURCES OF COBALT
Seafood – sardines, salmon, herring
Meat/Organs – liver, kidney
Nuts/seeds – peanuts
Vegetables – peas, okra
Dairy – butter
Grains – buckwheat, wheat bran, wheat germ
Miscellaneous – molasses, raw sugar, cornstarch, cornmeal, some artificial prosthetic hips
FUNCTIONS OF COBALT (and vitamin B12)
Circulatory – increases cardiac glycogen
Excretory – stimulates erythropoietin in kidney
Respiratory – maintains red blood cell production
Digestive – maintains gastrointestinal mucosa
Nervous – maintains myelin sheath
Special Sensory – maintains vision and coordination
Reproductive – prevents congenital abnormalities and gametogenesis
Endocrine – release of glucagon, erythropoietin and T4, inhibition of insulin
Muscular – muscle homeostasis and control
Skeletal – maintains bone marrow and skin
Metabolic – nucleic acid, protein and lipid synthesis
Detoxification – methylation and sulfhydryl reactions
COBALT-CONTAINING METALLOENZYMES
- Glycylglycine dipeptidase – hydrolyzes dipeptides
- Catalase (in bacteria) – breaks down hydrogen peroxide
- Pyrophosphatase (in bacteria) – converts pyro- to orth-PO4
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
The main deficiency symptom is pernicious anemia, a megaloblastic anemia that causes central nervous system damage. Other possible deficiency symptoms are glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), and sprue, a digestive disturbance.
TOXICITY SYMPTOMS
This can occur due to occupational exposure to cobalt. However, a more insidious source are mental-on-metal hip replacements and some knee replacements. These contain cobalt and chromium. The metal rubs against metal, and particles of cobalt flake off and go into the body. It can be quite serious, and the makers of some hip replacements have been sued for this problem.
- Toxicity symptoms may include:
- congestive heart failure,
- insulin inhibition ,
- polycythemia,
- pericardial effusion,
- neurological abnormalities and mental difficulties,
- thyroid dysfunction,
- vertigo,
- fatigue,
- visual problems,
- impaired concentration,
- rashes,
- dementia,
- tremors,
- hearing loss
COBALT SYNERGISTS
copper, zinc, iodine, molybdenum, iron deficiency, vitamin C, folic acid
ANTAGONISTS
iron, manganese, protein in diet
HAIR ANALYSIS NOTES
Hair useful to assess cobalt status. Hair mineral analysis has some value to assess the level of cobalt in the body. No test can detect all the cobalt – or other minerals – in the body.
Ideals. I use an ideal cobalt level of 0.001 mg%. A hair cobalt level above about 0.003 mg% or about 0.03 ppm is associated with some cobalt toxicity, usually from taking a lot of vitamin B12.
An important “amigo” element. Cobalt can be one of the ‘amigos’. These are elements that can become oxides and irritants to the body when they are in a toxic form.